1: COATING USED IN CHANNELS LINING INTRODUCTION CHANNEL LINING: CHANNEL LINING is the main physical means for conducting water from its source to irrigation areas. In some areas, for climatic,…
Different concrete types The different concrete types. Concrete refers to the mixture of mortar and stones, which takes the name of concrete, taking into account that mortar is the combination…
LAND LEVELING BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL REGRESSION Method of leveling is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points. Classification of…
ABSTRACT: Retaining walls are structural elements that are not a direct part of the frames of a building but have a defined structural function connecting directly with the main structure.…
STEEL CONSTRUCTION: Pakistani contractors pay $ 555 per ton for construction. the Pakistani industry put an end to the price discussions on construction. Exporters' Union, the countries of the August…
A cold joint is an adhesion-adhesion deficiency that visibly occurs at the joining surfaces of these castings into different parts at different times. The preferred situation continues without…
GEOLOGY Geology science is the study related to earth It involves all of earth’s dynamic processes, not just those on the crust. Branches of Geology Several branches. Physical Geology: Physical…
The geological fieldwork paintings are performed to search mineral deposits and to explore the ground for many civil engineering works during the geological survey sufficient data are gathered to prepare…
During the demolition or construction of a structure sometimes we need to provide temporary support to the structure, which is known as shoring. There are three different types of shoring,…
What is Cement Hydration? Without adding water in concrete cement cannot bond to aggregates. It gains its cementing properties when we add water to the dry cement mixture. After adding…