TOPOGRAPHIC LEVELING Topographic leveling in surveying is a process of measuring the elevations or altitudes of points on the Earth's surface. Elevation or altitude being understood as the vertical distance…
LAND LEVELING BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL REGRESSION Method of leveling is a branch of surveying, the object of which is to establish or verify or measure the height of specified points. Classification of…
GEOLOGY Geology science is the study related to earth It involves all of earth’s dynamic processes, not just those on the crust. Branches of Geology Several branches. Physical Geology: Physical…
The geological fieldwork paintings are performed to search mineral deposits and to explore the ground for many civil engineering works during the geological survey sufficient data are gathered to prepare…
Several methods and systems are present in the civil engineering field to classify the soil types. The most used systems of soil classification are AASHTO (American Associate of State Highway…
Soil stabilization is an alteration process of one or more soil properties to improve soil performance. Stabilization, broadly speaking, incorporates the various methods used to modify a soil's properties to…
Soil compaction is a necessary phase of the construction process. It is used to assist structural entities such as building foundations, roads, sidewalks and earthwork structures. For a given soil…
All civil engineering structures, be they buildings, dams, bridges, etc., are built on the soil. The foundation is needed to transfer the load of the structure to a large area…